Uniquely, the mortarboard has a mourning version, which is to be worn when mourning family relatives or friends. Instead of a tassel and button, two wide ribbons are attached to the cap from corner-to-corner, forming an X. In the center of the X, a rosette of ribbon is traditionally attached.

According to BRE Good Repair Guide 24, walls up to two storeys with failed pointing are usually strong enough structurally. However, a structural assessment is always advisable for walls of three or more storeys, and may indicate the need for other measures in addition to repointing or even rebuilding. BRE provides guidance that in a typical case: Due to this influence, both teachers and students ended up wearing clerical clothing. This clothing choice helped teachers and students stay warm. The majority of lectures took part in large, cold stone buildings where the only source of heat was one of the many fires. Wearing robes allowed them to “layer up” underneath without looking out of place. The mortarboard cap is a worldwide symbol of educational achievement and graduation. No matter where you’re graduating from, a mortarboard cap balanced precariously on your head represents your achievements better than anything. The swotting and the stressing. The time you spent working when you wanted to be doing something else. The cap, together with the gown and sometimes a hood, now form the customary uniform of a university graduate in many parts of the world, following a British model.A hard impermeable cement-based mortar has been introduced trapping moisture and accelerating the deterioration of the masonry In late Old English or early Middle English the sense was extended to include "table;" hence the transferred meaning "food" (early 14c.), as "that which is served upon a table," especially "daily meals provided at a place of lodging" (late 14c.). Compare boarder, boarding, and Old Norse borð, which also had a secondary sense of "table" and an extended sense "maintenance at table." Hence also above board"honest, open" (1610s; compare modern under the table"dishonest"). a b Robinson, N F (1905). "The Pileus Quadratus: An enquiry into the relation of the priest's square cap to the common academical catercap and to the judicial corner-cap". Transactions of the St Paul's Ecclesiological Society. 5: 1–16 . Retrieved 14 May 2015. The hat itself is a flat, square hat that includes a tassel, which is suspended from a button located in the top center of the board. The board of the cap is intended to be parallel to the ground when worn properly. Misunderstanding over regulations has contributed to the confusion. For example, Open University no longer prescribes headwear for graduation ceremonies. Likewise, others have done away with the cap for socio-political purposes, or due to designer intent, as with Vivienne Westwood’s design for the ceremonies of King’s College London.

Indeed, some universities such as Open University have a policy that states that academic headgear is not to be worn at graduation ceremonies at all, and some other universities have abandoned head wear for political reasons, or because the designer of the graduation robes intended them to be worn without hats. Until the second half of the twentieth century, mortarboards were often worn by schoolteachers, and the hat remains an icon of the teaching profession.

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Always brush off any loose dust or residual debris after raking out mortar joints, before damping down the wall and commence work by repointing from the highest part of the wall, work down to the lowest level. It is advisable not to work from a ladder when repointing at height and only to use a competently erected scaffold platform. Always wear protective clothing and equipment when preparing for and carrying out repointing, such as safety glasses, dust mask or respirator, safety gloves, and ear defenders if using power tools. Students having a graduate masters degree conferred, and students having the degree of BA, BFA, BTh, Undergraduate Masters (e.g. MBiochem, MChem, MMath etc.) conferred, should consult their college as to whether they should enter the ceremony wearing the gown of their current status, or the status which will be conferred. In all cases, the gown and hood of the status to be conferred will be required as a minimum.

The mortarboard cap is also sometimes called a “trencher,” which is short for “trencher cap.” The tassel is made of a cluster of threads, which are traditionally made from silk. These threads are attached together and fastened to a button in the middle of the cap, and are allowed to fall freely over the side of the cap. They may also be plaited together to form a single cord, though the end of the threads are usually left untied. While uncommon in Commonwealth countries, in America, the tassel is traditionally moved from the left side to the right side upon graduation and the conference of a degree.There may be some occasions when it is more efficient or cost effective to have the materials shipped direct from our suppliers to the customer. When undertaking large areas of repointing the work area should be limited to the safe height that can be reached using a pointing trowel and a hawk (a hand-held mortar board) or any other pointing tool. Once the joints are filled these can then be returned to later, but before the mortar has dried (set) too hard, for finishing the pointing with either the trowel or a jointing tool. In most cases, academic caps are not worn indoors by men – with the exception of university Chancellors and other high-ranking officials. Instead, they are typically carried. Other changes have occurred over time. In some graduation ceremonies, caps are no longer worn by men, and are only issued to women – who typically do wear them indoors. This article is about the honor society. For the garment, see square academic cap. For the device used by builders, see Hawk (plasterer's tool).

Made of a lightweight, impact and UV resistant polymer that won’t conduct heat like steel pans and is nearly indestructible This still applies for deliveries out of our local area but please note that we use independent carriers so be aware that there may be external factors which we cannot control (e.g Far out postcodes or local traffic situations) Materials delivered direct from the manufacturer. At the University of Cambridge, undergraduates by ancient convention used to cut their tassels very short so that the tassel does not extend beyond the edge of the board. After they graduated, they wore the square cap with the tassel at the normal length. [10] This convention has now fallen into disuse; few people now wear headgear with academic dress at any time and undergraduates in particular have no need to wear the cap.Mortarboards are often seen in party supply shops in the United States in May and June, when they appear in the form of party decorations, on commemorative gifts such as teddy bears, and on congratulatory greeting cards. The UK graduation cap, or UK mortarboard, is highly recognizable, but few understand the illustrious history behind its design. Whether for the religious or academic ceremony, the UK graduation cap has a rich history, as well as a plethora of variations in style. In the mid-1600s, colleges and universities started appearing all over the United States. Once again the entry point for men looking to enter the church was styled on both Oxford and Cambridge University. The precursors to the mortarboard and graduation robes also came over, once again based around the religious dress. Well, originally during graduation (particularly in the United States) the mortarboard had to be worn at all times during the ceremony. Only during prayer may it be removed. This changed in 1912, though. In celebration of their new enlistment as captains, the graduating class of midshipmen from the United States Naval Academy threw their midshipmen caps in the air as they received the ones equivalent to their new rank. The academic cap is also sometimes called the “square” or, more commonly, “mortarboard.” It has become a symbol of higher education and academia, and in some universities it is worn by undergraduates as well as graduates in lieu of the traditional hood.