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a b H. V. Livermore (1973). Portugal: A Short History. Edinburgh University Press. p.4. ISBN 978-0-85224-207-0. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023 . Retrieved 5 September 2019. Other than on the modern Line 15, the Lisbon tramway system still employs small (four-wheel) vehicles of a design dating from the early twentieth century. These distinctive yellow trams are one of the tourist icons of modern Lisbon, and their size is well suited to the steep hills and narrow streets of the central city. [124] [125] Considered as representing the Lisbon Metropolitan Region. It is a region of significant importance in industry (light and heavy), services, and it is highly urbanized. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 73.3 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 36% of Portugal's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 30,200 euros or 100% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 92% of the EU average. [5] History [ edit ] GDP per inhabitant in 2006" (PDF). Eurostat. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009 . Retrieved 17 November 2012. The City of Lisbon; Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (19 July 2016). "Friendship And Co-Operation Agreement between The City of Lisbon Portuguese Republic and The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Kingdom of Thailand" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2016 . Retrieved 13 January 2018.
White, Christopher (6 August 2023). "Pope Francis to 1.5 million youth in Portugal: Be 'beacons of hope in dark times' ". National Catholic Reporter . Retrieved 2 October 2023.Outside Lisbon, there are two main commuter bus services connecting the cities outside Lisbon amongst them and to Lisbon: Carris Metropolitana, [137] a brand operated by 4 companies, all operating inside the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, and Barraqueiro Transportes [138] (with 4 brands operating outside the Metropolitan Area with services to Lisbon), which operate from different terminals in the city.
The Carnation Revolution, which took place on 25 April 1974, ended the right-wing Estado Novo regime and reformed the country to become as it is today, the Portuguese Third Republic. The country's chief seaport, featuring one of the largest and most sophisticated regional markets on the Iberian Peninsula, Lisbon and its heavily populated surroundings are also developing as an important financial centre and a dynamic technological hub. Automobile manufacturers have erected factories in the suburbs, for example, AutoEuropa. Lisboa Public Transportation Statistics". Global Public Transit Index by Moovit. Archived from the original on 1 September 2017 . Retrieved 19 June 2017. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. at the intersection of the upper edge of the ecliptic's anterior half with the lower edge of the equator's posterior half ( sinister or viewer's right side).Corpo Diplomático em Portugal". Portal Diplomático (in European Portuguese) . Retrieved 23 August 2023. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0 CC BY-SA 3.0 Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 true true Original upload log
The decree that legally created the republican flag was approved by the Constituent Assembly and published in government journal no. 141 ( Portuguese: diário do Governo) on 19 June 1911. On 30 June, this decree had its regulations officially published in government diary no. 150. [3] Nevertheless, the new flag had been first presented in 1910, on the national holiday of the Restoration of Independence (celebrating December 1, 1640), which was rededicated as the Day of the Flag, although this new designation did not erase the previous one. Lusitanian raids and rebellions during Roman occupation required the construction of a wall around the settlement. During Augustus' reign, the Romans also built a great theatre; the Cassian Baths (underneath Rua da Prata); temples to Jupiter, Diana, Cybele, Tethys and Idea Phrygiae (an uncommon cult from Asia Minor), in addition to temples to the Emperor; a large necropolis under Praça da Figueira; a large forum and other buildings such as insulae (multi-storied apartment buildings) in the area between Castle Hill and the historic city core. Many of these ruins were first unearthed during the mid-18th century (when the recent discovery of Pompeii made Roman archaeology fashionable among Europe's upper classes). Pedro Telhado Pereira; Maria Eugénia Mata (6 December 2012). Urban Dominance and Labour Market Differentiation of a European Capital City: Lisbon 1890–1990. Springer Science & Business Media. p.123. ISBN 978-94-011-5382-9. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016 . Retrieved 12 October 2016. The city hosts three association football clubs in Portugal's highest league, the Primeira Liga. Sport Lisboa e Benfica, commonly known as simply Benfica, has won 38 league titles in addition to two European Cups. Lisbon's second-most successful club is Sporting Clube de Portugal (commonly known as Sporting and often referred to as Sporting Lisbon abroad to prevent confusion with other teams with the same name), winner of 19 league titles and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. A third club, C.F. Os Belenenses (commonly Belenenses or Belenenses Lisbon), based in the Belém quarter, has solely won one league title. Other major clubs in Lisbon include Atlético, Casa Pia, and Oriental.
Presentation of Lisbon
at the inflection points of the distal edges of the Tropic of Cancer's anterior half (top) and Tropic of Capricorn's posterior half (bottom); In 2023 there were over 200 kilometers of bike lanes within the city's administrative area and the city plans to expand its network of cycle paths in the next years. [152] [153] [154] [155] Public transportation statistics [ edit ] The white inescutcheon is itself charged with five smaller blue shields ( escudetes) arranged like a Greek cross (1+3+1). Each smaller shield holds five white bezants displayed in the form of a saltire (2+1+2). The red bordure is charged with seven yellow castles: three on the chief portion (one in each corner and one in the middle), two in the middle points of each quadrant of the curved base (rotated 45degrees), and two more on each side of the bordure, over the flag's horizontal middle line. Each castle is composed by a base building, showing a closed (yellow) gate, on top of which stand three battlemented towers. [4] In heraldic terminology, the shield's blazon is described as Argent, five escutcheons in cross azure each charged with five plates in saltire, on a bordure gules seven towers triple-turreted Or, three in chief. a
Bridges [ edit ] The 25 de Abril Bridge crosses the Tagus River from Alcântara to Almada. Vasco da Gama bridge crosses the Tagus from Parque das Nações to Montijo The first Portuguese university was founded in Lisbon in 1290 by King Denis I; for many years the Studium Generale ( General Study) was transferred intermittently to Coimbra, where it was installed permanently in the 16th century as the University of Coimbra. Richard W. Mansbach; Kirsten L. Taylor (2013). Introduction to Global Politics. Routledge. p.40. ISBN 978-1-136-51738-9. Archived from the original on 27 July 2014 . Retrieved 13 December 2015. Cascais Aerodrome, 20km West of the city centre and hub for Sevenair, in Cascais, offers commercial domestic flights. This location is where many of the country's aviation schools are concentrated.
Unofficial flags
Parque das Nações (Park of Nations) is the newest district in Lisbon; it emerged from an urban renewal program to host the 1998 World Exhibition of Lisbon, also known as Expo'98. The area suffered massive changes giving Parque das Nações a futuristic look. A long-lasting legacy of the same, the area has become another commercial and higher-end residential area for the city. Burstein, Eitan (Winter 2019). Elbl, Martin Malcolm (ed.). "The Meaning of the Toponym 'Lisbon' Explained through Biblical Etymology" (PDF). Portuguese Studies Review. 27 (2): 3. ISSN 1057-1515. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2022 . Retrieved 11 March 2022. We surmise that the Phoenician toponym, the origin of Olisipo, should be neither Alits Ub(b)o, a form proposed by some scholars (e.g. Samuel Bochart, 1599−1667) notwithstanding the fact that it is never attested in ancient classical literature, nor the commonly accepted Alis Ubbo (see for instance the title of a documentary film produced in 2018, in a cynical sense), but a different form altogether. We shall use Hebrew to substantiate our argument. During the time of Afonso I, it was typical not to repair battle damage inflicted on the shield, so changes such as the breaking off of pieces, colour shifting or stains were very common. When Sancho I succeeded his father Afonso I, in 1185, he inherited a very worn off shield: the blue-stained leather that made the cross had been lost except where the bezants (nails) held it in place. This involuntary degradation was the basis for the next step on the evolution of the national coat of arms, where a plain blue cross transformed into a compound cross of five blue bezant-charged escutcheons—the quina (Portuguese word meaning "group of five") were thus born. [14] [ verification needed] Sancho's personal shield (called "Portugal ancien" [ citation needed]) consisted of a white field with a compound cross of five shields (each one charged with eleven silver bezants) with the bottom edges of the lateral ones facing towards the centre. Both Sancho's son Afonso II and grandson Sancho II used these arms, [14] as it was usual with direct succession lines ( cadency system). A new modification of the royal arms was made when Sancho II's younger brother became king, in 1248.
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