Book One. The Chronicles of Ussex: The Sword and The Amulet

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Sussex has also been home to many composers of classical music including Thomas Weelkes, John Ireland, Edward Elgar, Frank Bridge, Sir Hubert Parry and Ralph Vaughan Williams, who played a major part in recording Sussex's traditional music. [121] While Glyndebourne is one of the world's best known opera houses, the county is home to professional orchestras the Brighton Philharmonic Orchestra [124] and the Worthing Symphony Orchestra. [125] Bathurst, David (2012). Walking the county high points of England. Chichester: Summersdale. pp.69–75. ISBN 978-1-84-953239-6.

The southern side of the South Downs are deeply notched by dry valleys or coombes, which frequently end in cirques near the northern escarpment. Devil's Dyke is the most famous and remarkable of all the chalk dry valleys and is frequently cited as the type example. It is the largest single coombe anywhere in the chalk karst of Britain. [8] Sussex Marble has been used for building over hundreds of years There is a two-tier structure for East Sussex and West Sussex with education, social services, libraries, public transport and waste disposal carried out by the county councils and local planning and building control carried out by the district and borough councils. Sussex is home a large proportion of the UK's Lowland calcareous grassland, one of the richest habitats of Western Europe, containing a great diversity of plants and animals, many of which are nationally or internationally threatened. [41] Sussex's county flower, the Round-headed Rampion (also known as the Pride of Sussex or Phyteuma orbiculare) is more common on the chalk grassland of the South Downs than anywhere else. [42] Fauna [ edit ] Sussex cattle are descended from oxen used in the Weald Danny House – History". Danny House. Archived from the original on 22 March 2015 . Retrieved 17 March 2015.East Sussex, like most counties by the south coast, has an annual average total of around 1,750 [8] hours of sunshine per year. This is much higher than the UK's average of about 1,340 hours of sunshine a year. A range of woodland types are present in Sussex, including some nationally uncommon types. [36] Like most of southern England, Sussex generally falls into the English Lowlands beech forests ecoregion. The Prebendal School in Chichester is the oldest known school in Sussex [96] and probably dates to when the Normans moved the Sussex bishopric from Selsey to Chichester Cathedral in the 11th century. [96] Primary and secondary education in the state sector in Sussex is provided by its three local education authorities of East and West Sussex County Councils and Brighton and Hove City Council. Sussex also has some of the best-known independent schools in England including Christ's Hospital School, Brighton College, Eastbourne College, Lancing College and Battle Abbey School. The Litlington White Horse in the village of Litlington Transport [ edit ] Roads [ edit ] The A23, one of the major North-South routes.

Kelly, S.E (1998). Anglo-Saxon Charters VI, Charters of Selsey. OUP for the British Academy. ISBN 0-19-726175-2. Kerridge, R. G. P.; Standing, M. R. (2000). Worthing, from Saxon settlement to seaside town. Worthing, West Sussex: Optimus Books. ISBN 9780953313242. OCLC 58876316. Main article: Symbols of Sussex The traditional Sussex emblem first-known recording in 1611 by John Speed: Azure, six martlets or Gomme, Alice Bertha (1894). The traditional games of England, Scotland and Ireland: with tunes, singing rhymes and methods of playing according to the variants extant and recorded in different parts of the kingdom. London: David Nutt. for administrative purposes, into two county council areas (East and West Sussex) and one unitary authority, the city of Brighton and Hove.The Sussex County Hospital (now the Royal Sussex County Hospital) was founded in 1828 at Brighton [97] whilst the Sussex County Mental Asylum (later 'St. Francis Hospital' and now the Princess Royal Hospital) was founded in 1859 in the centre of county at Haywards Heath. [98] a b "Mixon Hole (north slope) rRA no 12" (PDF). Balanced Seas.org. 7 September 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 May 2012 . Retrieved 26 June 2012. Osprey Publishing – Military History Books – The Roman Invasion of Britain". Archived from the original on 22 December 2014. Geographically a ria, Chichester Harbour in the west has some of Sussex's least developed coastline. To its east lies the Manhood Peninsula, with Selsey Bill at its southern tip. The 73km (45mi) bay east of Selsey Bill up to Beachy Head is sometimes known as the Bay of Sussex. [23] To the east of the Manhood peninsula lies Pagham Harbour. East of Pagham the coastline becomes more open until the man-made Shoreham Harbour. At Brighton the coastal plain is replaced by chalk cliffs which culminate in the Seven Sisters and the promontory of Beachy Head. The Pevensey Levels and a small area of flat coastline west of Hastings separate the cliffs of Beachy Head from the cliffs east of Hastings. West of Hastings at Bulverhythe and periodically exposed lies the remains of a submerged submarine forest, known locally as 'Moon Shore'. [24] Largest lakes and reservoirs [ edit ] Ardingly Reservoir Regional GDP per capita in 2009: seven capital regions in the ten first places" (PDF). Eurostat. 13 March 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2012 . Retrieved 17 May 2012.

Highfield, Roger (23 June 2008). "Neanderthal tools reveal advanced technology". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 21 August 2009. About the Sussex County Football League". Sussex County Football League. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012 . Retrieved 12 January 2012. a b Kirby, Terry (3 June 2012). "Is English wine really as good as anything France has to offer?". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012 . Retrieved 5 October 2012.Farley Farm House – Introduction". Archived from the original on 24 July 2012 . Retrieved 26 September 2012. Census Profile for areas in England and Wales - West Sussex County". Office for National Statistics . Retrieved 21 June 2023. a b Richard Childs. Parliamentary Representation in Leslies, An Historical Atlas of Sussex. pp. 72-73. The Vision for the Wildlife of Sussex". Sussex Wildlife Trust. Archived from the original on 25 December 2012 . Retrieved 24 April 2012. A rape is a traditional territorial sub-division of Sussex, formerly used for various administrative purposes. [79] Their origin is unknown, but they appear to predate the Norman Conquest [80] Each rape was split into several hundreds and may be Romano-British or Anglo-Saxon in origin. [81]

KS01 Usual resident population Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas Office for National Statistics. Hectares converted into km 2 Apart from the physical landmarks such as the Downs and the Weald, East Sussex has a great many landmarks of historical interest. There are castles at Bodiam, Herstmonceux, Lewes and Pevensey; and defence works such as the Martello towers and Eastbourne Redoubt. [15] Battle Abbey, built to commemorate the Battle of Hastings; Bateman's, home of Rudyard Kipling, Hammerwood Park, one of the first examples of Greek Revival architecture in the UK; and the University of Sussex buildings at Falmer are among interesting buildings. Bexhill on sea is also home to the De La Warr Pavilion. East Sussex also includes two chalk hill figures, being the Litlington White Horse and the Long Man of Wilmington, which are both situated in the Sussex Downs. In the 2001 census this urban area included Reigate and Redhill in Surrey but in the 2011 census it did not. Biodiversity loss, climate change, habitat fragmentation, rising sea levels, renewable energy, waste disposal, water pollution, population density Office for National Statistics. "Census 2011 result shows increase in population of the South East" . Retrieved 4 December 2012.Brighton 'to be world's first city biosphere reserve' ". The Guardian. 6 October 2008 . Retrieved 24 June 2009. The county has vineyards and a long history of brewing of beer. It is home to the 18th century beer brewers, Harveys of Lewes as well as many more recently established breweries. [165] There are also many cider makers in Sussex, Hunts Sussex Cider [166] and SeaCider [167] are the largest cider producers. With 138 vineyards in 2023, Sussex has a quarter of the UK's vineyards. [168] In 2022, Sussex wine gained Protected Designation of Origin status following decades of international acclaim with Sussex wines winning awards around the world. Many vineyards make wines using traditional Champagne varieties and methods, [169] and there are similarities between the topography and chalk and clay soils [170] of Sussex downland and that of the Champagne region which lies on a latitude 100 miles (161km) to the south. [169] [171] Visual arts [ edit ] The Long Man of Wilmington is Europe's largest representation of the human form. a b c "Surreal Friends". Pallant House Gallery. Archived from the original on 14 October 2011 . Retrieved 26 September 2012. Some of the earliest known art in Sussex is the carvings in the galleries of the Neolithic flint mines at Cissbury on the South Downs near Worthing. [172] From the Roman period, the palace at Fishbourne has the largest in situ collection of mosaics in the UK, [173] while the villa at Bignor contains some of the best preserved Roman mosaics in England. [174] Sussex's natural resources have been used for thousands of years. The South Downs includes some of Britain's earliest mines, including Church Hill, Findon which dates from around 4200BC. [9] while the Sussex Weald was historically the centre of England's iron industry, using iron ore in the form of siderite. The Wealden iron industry was established before the Roman invasion and was superseded in the 18th century by coal areas of Wales and northern England. There remains a long-established deep-mining operation centred on the High Weald village of Brightling, the country's largest resource of calcium sulphate or gypsum. [10] Used primarily to make plaster, plasterboard and cement, gypsum has been excavated in the area since the 1880s. [10]