A scrubber is a two-phase separator used when the gas rate to liquid rate ratio is really high to collect liquids that have spilled over from production separators' gas outputs or to catch liquids that have condensed due to cooling or pressure drops.

However, hydraulic oils and the majority of oils that have degraded to any extent will also have a soluble or emulsified component that will require further treatment to eliminate. Dissolving or emulsifying oil using surfactants or solvents usually exacerbates the problem rather than solving it, producing wastewater that is more difficult to treat. Roberts, J.R., Basurto, E.R., and Chen, P.Y. 1966. Slosh Design Handbook I, NASA-CR-406, Contract No. NAS 8-11111. Huntsville, Alabama: Northrop Space Laboratories. An Oil and water separator is used as a way to separate and remove oil from surface water and they are most usually found in industrial areas where oil is likely to be mixed with wastewater. (For example, oil and water separation systems may be used in any area where vehicle, heavy machinery, ship & aircraft maintenance are carried out). Because of performance limitations the water discharged from API type separators usually requires several further processing stages before the treated water can be discharged or reused. Further water treatment is designed to remove oil droplets smaller than 150 micron, dissolved materials and hydrocarbons, heavier oils or other contaminants not removed by the API. Secondary treatment technologies include dissolved air flotation (DAF), Anaerobic and Aerobic biological treatment, Parallel Plate Separators, Hydrocyclone, Walnut Shell Filters and Media filters. [ citation needed] Alternative technologies [ edit ] A typical parallel plate separator [6] According to Stokes' Law, heavier oils require more retention time. In many cases where refineries have switched to heavier crude slates, the API separator’s efficiency has declined. [4] Further treatment of API water discharges [ edit ]

Applications

Figure 1: A schematic diagram of a separator. [1] Feed inlet [2] Gas outlet [3] Liquid outlet [4] Inlet diverter [5] Mist extractor [6] Liquid level control valve Petroleum products came into general use in the late 19th century due to the replacement of well oil with kerosene. Kerosene, originally called coal oil, was manufactured by the destructive distillation of coal. Patented in 1854 by Dr. Gessner of Williamsburgh, NY (Scientific American 1854), a distillation of crude oil allows for bulk production. Advent of Automobiles American Petroleum Institute (API) (February 1990). Management of Water Discharges: Design and Operations of Oil-Water Separators (1sted.). American Petroleum Institute. In comparison to the horizontal separator, a larger diameter separator is required for a comparable gas capacity.

by Re and K a. When the Re is 9.64 × 10 3 and K a is 0.294, the separation effect of corrugated plates witha b Beychok, Milton R. (1967). Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants (1sted.). John Wiley & Sons. LCCN 67019834. Mist extraction device located in gas space to further reduce liquid content in the bulk gas stream; Some schematics of typical two- and three-phase separators are shown in horizontal and vertical orientations below. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 (and later amendments) Archived October 14, 2009, at the Portuguese Web Archive