Silence

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Miller, Scott J. (2009). Historical Dictionary of Modern Japanese Literature and Theater. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6319-4. Martin Scorsese's SILENCE Gets Financing; Poised to Start Filming July 2014 in Taiwan". Collider.com. April 19, 2013. Archived from the original on February 23, 2014 . Retrieved March 2, 2014. Emi Mase-Hasegawa (2008). Christ in Japanese culture: theological themes in Shusaku Endo's literary works. BRILL. p.24. ISBN 978-90-04-16596-0 . Retrieved November 19, 2011.

Richard Combs (January 2, 2017). "Film of the week: Silence, Martin Scorsese's journey through the valley of doubt". Sight & Sound. Archived from the original on January 7, 2017 . Retrieved January 8, 2017. Francis Mathy, SJ, of Sophia University, (1974), Wonderful Fool ( Obaka San), Tokyo: Tuttle, p. 6, OCLC 1858868. I look at him and want to be sure that I understand. I ask him if he is saying that by the end of his life Endo had moved beyond his early attempts to marry the essentialist notion of Japanese identity, to the essentialist notion of Catholic identity? Mr Kato drains his cup of coffee and then he stares into the middle distance. "Yes," he says. And then he turns and looks at me. "Endo witnessed many changes and developments in modern Japanese society." Liam Neeson to Star in Martin Scorsese Movie 'Silence' ". Deadline Hollywood. January 31, 2014. Archived from the original on March 1, 2014 . Retrieved March 2, 2014.

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Rodrigues is taken to meet Ferreira, who has assimilated into Japanese society. Ferreira apostatized while being tortured to save his fellow Christians, and now believes that Christianity has no place in Japan. That night, Rodrigues is brought to watch five Christians being tortured. He learns that they have already apostatized but will continue to suffer until he also abandons his faith. Rodrigues struggles over whether it is self-centered to refuse to recant when doing so will end others' suffering. He hears the voice of Jesus, giving him permission to step on the fumi-e, and he does. Silence is, on the surface, a historical novel dealing with 17th-century persecution of Christians in Japan. But it is probably more accurate, as well as more interesting, to take the work as the spiritual autobiography of the author, Shusaku Endo, himself a Japanese Catholic. Endo puts his intellectual misgivings about Christianity into the mouth of the foreign priest, while the sniveling Japanese informer, Kichijiro, In 17th-century Portugal, the Roman Catholic Church learns that Father Ferreira, a highly-respected missionary who has worked in Japan for over 20 years, has somehow been made to commit apostasy, renouncing Christianity by stamping his foot on a picture of Jesus Christ. The Church is both confused and disturbed by this news, and several of Ferreira’s former students (he was a seminary professor before going to Japan) launch an expedition into Japan to continue Ferreira’s former evangelistic work and discover the truth about his apostasy, even though the Japanese government brutally oppresses Christianity. I too am sorry, but meeting Muneya Kato is the next best thing. All enquiries about the late Mr Endo have been met with the "news" that I should speak with Mr Muneya Kato. And now we are seated together in the coffee lounge of a large hotel in the Shibuya district of central Tokyo.

Yellow Man) (1955): [3] A novella in the form of a letter written by a young man, no longer a practising Catholic, to his former pastor, a French missionary. Silence (15)". British Board of Film Classification. December 12, 2016. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016 . Retrieved January 14, 2017.Despite having apostatized, Rodrigues is forced by shogunate officials to prove that he is not practicing his former religion in secret. Kichijirō is arrested after being caught with a Christian amulet and Rodrigues never sees him again. The former priest lives out the remainder of his life in Japan. After his death, he is given a traditional Japanese funeral. His wife is allowed to place an offering in his hand to ward off evil spirits - she places the tiny crudely made crucifix that was given to him when he first came to Tomogi, indicating that in his heart, Rodrigues remained a Christian all his life. Perhaps," begins Mr Kato, "Japanese people have begun to travel outside of the country now, and, as in the novel Deep River, their own encounters with life beyond this country are changing both them and this society. They are doing some of the retailoring for themselves now." Mr Kato falls silent.

Today there is an Endo Museum in Nagasaki, the Japanese city that has the most profound connections with the west. Here one can discover Endo's papers, manuscripts, letters, books, pens, even his clothes, all housed in a building that faces west. In Japan Shusaku Endo is remembered as a deeply-respected author who wished to bring about a coming together of Japanese manners with European ideas, but he has his critics. Soon after the opening of the museum in 1999, a memorial plate that had been established to commemorate the novel Silence was defaced with paint by Japanese Catholics who objected to the fact that Rodrigues chose to step willingly on the image of Christ. Morton, Leith (November 1994). The Image of Christ in the Fiction of Endō Shūsaku. Working Papers in Japanese Studies. Vol.8. Japanese Studies Center, Monash University, Australia. Understandably, this technical and somewhat convoluted explanation of my connection to Endo has failed to satisfy Mr Kato. He continues to look at me with a puzzled expression. Mr Kato is still trying to understand how I have made a personal connection across race, nationality, religion and generation with his "master", the man to whom he has dedicated the greater part of his life. As the waitress places two more cups of coffee in front of us I am beginning to flush with embarrassment, unsure if I can help him. James, Daron (December 29, 2016). " 'Silence' Cinematographer Rodrigo Prieto on Shooting Film and Digital for Scorsese". No Film School. Archived from the original on September 7, 2018 . Retrieved September 7, 2018. This news report documents a meeting between Pope Francis and leaders of the Japanese Catholic Church, touching on some of the history depicted in Silence.Box-Office Pileup: Three Major Films Crash and Burn in Same Weekend". The Hollywood Reporter. January 13, 2017. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017 . Retrieved August 4, 2017. Bradshaw, Peter (10 December 2016). "Silence review: the last temptation of Liam Neeson in Scorsese's shattering epic" . Retrieved 19 January 2017– via The Guardian. Hoekema, Alle (March 18, 2010). "La 'Christologie' du Romancier Japonais , Shusaku Endo" . Missions Étrangères de Paris: Églises d'Asie-Japon .

Shūsaku Endō’s Silence takes place in Japan during the 1600s, shortly after the Japanese government suppressed the Shimabara Rebellion, in which Christian Japanese peasants rebelled against the government’s heavy persecution. After the rebellion’s defeat, many Catholics went underground, continuing to practice their religion in secrecy. The novel begins when a young Portuguese Jesuit missionary, Sebastian Rodrigues, and his two colleagues, Father Garrpe and Father de Santa Maria, decide to set out to Japan to find out what happened to their teacher, Father Ferreira. Ferreira is rumored to have apostatized, or renounced his religious beliefs, after having gone underground in Japan and spent thirty years in Christian service there. Rodrigues finds it hard to believe that Ferreira, a highly respected member of the Jesuit community, has renounced his faith. If he has, Rodrigues wonders what this means about his faith in Christianity and the religion he has dedicated his life to. Andrew Garfield played a Jesuit in Silence, but he didn't expect to fall in love with Jesus". America Magazine. January 10, 2017. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020 . Retrieved November 28, 2020.Le Figaro (May 10, 2023). "Thierry Frémaux est l'invité du Club Le Figaro Culture". Ausha (in French) . Retrieved May 18, 2023. Rodrigues wanders into the hill country, believing that he will be safer there, and soon runs into Kichijiro, who fled Tomogi after he apostatized. Kichijiro asks the priest for absolution for his sin, but even as he does so sells Rodrigues out to Japanese officials, who capture the priest and take him to a newly-built prison. Other Christians are imprisoned there as well, and the guards surprisingly allow the priest to visit them twice a day to pray, hear confession, and perform his priestly duties. Thus, prison feels both restful and productive to the priest; he no longer has to hide and is allowed to fulfill his function. After Rodrigues has been imprisoned for some time, the magistrate Inoue and several of his samurai arrive to cross-examine him. Rodrigues is surprised to learn that Inoue, whom he had pictured as devilish and conniving, is in fact a kind-faced, gentle old man who is not intimidating or cruel-looking in the slightest. Inoue and the samurai converse amiably with the priest, expressing their opinion that Japan has no use for Christianity, and Christianity in turn is not well-suited to Japan. When the cross-examination is over, Inoue asks the priest to simply think over what he has said and takes his leave. Kichijiro arrives at the prison and volunteers himself for arrest, but when threatened with death, apostatizes again and is released.