The traditional religion in the United Kingdom is Christianity. In England the established church is the Church of England ( Anglican). In Scotland, the Church of Scotland (a Presbyterian Church) is regarded as the 'national church' but there is not an established church. Gender identity: age and sex, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk . Retrieved 4 November 2023. The United Kingdom('s) government does not pursue a population policy in the sense of actively trying to influence the overall size of the population, its age-structure, or the components of change except in the field of immigration. Nor has it expressed a view about the size of population, or the age-structure, that would be desirable. ...The current level of births has not been the cause of general anxiety. The prevailing view is that decisions about fertility and childbearing are for people themselves to make, but that it is proper for government to provide individuals with the information and the means necessary to make their decisions effective. To this end, the government provides assistance with family planning as part of the National Health Service. The ‘ageing’ of the population does raise social and economic issues. However, it is believed that these will prove manageable; and also, to a degree, that society will adapt....’ [25] Deaths registered monthly in England and Wales – Office for National Statistics". Ons.gov.uk . Retrieved 8 March 2022. Census, England and Wales: National identity (detailed), local authorities in England and Wales, Accessed 2 April 2014

UK Population Estimates 1851 to 2014– Office for National Statistics". Office for National Statistics. September 2014 . Retrieved 17 March 2017. The government's position was further presented and then re-iterated in 1984 at the UN Conference on Population in Mexico; a b Marshall, Louise; Finch, David; Cairncross, Liz; Bibby, Jo (November 2019). "Mortality and life expectancy trends in the UK: stalling progress" (PDF). Leon, David A; Jdanov, Dmitry A; Shkolnikov, Vladimir M (1 November 2019). "Trends in life expectancy and age-specific mortality in England and Wales, 1970–2016, in comparison with a set of 22 high-income countries: an analysis of vital statistics data". The Lancet Public Health. 4 (11): e575–e582. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30177-X. ISSN 2468-2667. PMID 31677776. S2CID 207892521.a b c d e "Vital Statistics: Population and Health Reference Tables (February 2014 Update): Annual Time Series Data". ONS . Retrieved 27 April 2014. Polio outbreak. Smallman-Raynor, M. R.; Cliff, A. D. (2006). Poliomyelitis: a world geography: emergence to eradication. Oxford University Press. pp.317–18. ISBN 019924474X. Table DC2206NI – National Identity (Classification 1) by Ethnic Group". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. QS302EW (General health) - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk . Retrieved 7 May 2023.

Rapid urbanisation began with the onset of the Industrial Revolution in the mid to late 18th century, shifting jobs and more importantly people away from rural Britain's dominance at the time which was primarily agricultural, to manufacturing jobs within urban areas which started to spring up. [78] In 1750, an estimated total of around only 1 million people lived in some sort of urban area such as a town or city, [79] which was around 1/6th of the estimated total population but a century later this had risen to 8 million people in 1850, [79] equating to just over half of the nation. [78] [79]

Time Difference to major World Cities

Census: Ethnic Group, local authorities in England and Wales". webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk . Retrieved 15 December 2021.

Improvements in public diets and nutritional quality increases, which are linked to biological factors such as a decline in lactation, have also been included as a potential factor in the decline of the fertility rate. [40] Technological developments within the society also began to have an effect; contraceptive use become somewhat usable on a mass scale in the latter half of the 19th century due to technological developments in the production of rubber. [40] Abortion, while illegal during the 19th century, was also used by women, however to what extent at the time is unknown. [40] Spending at least 183 days in the United Kingdom in the year. An individual will be present for a day if they were in the United Kingdom at the end of the day, unless they were only in the United Kingdom for either ‘exceptional circumstances’ or they were in transit between arrival in the United Kingdom and departure from the United Kingdom. These exceptions are subject to an additional 'deeming rule' that looks at the individual’s presence in the United Kingdom, their ties to the United Kingdom, and their UK residency position in the prior three tax years. Where the deeming rule applies, any of these days in excess of 30 days will be treated as days in the United Kingdom for the 183 count. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/livebirths/datasets/parentscountryofbirth Coleman, D. A.; Dubuc, S. (1 March 2010). "The fertility of ethnic minorities in the UK, 1960s–2006". Population Studies. 64 (1): 19–41. doi: 10.1080/00324720903391201. ISSN 0032-4728. PMID 20087815. S2CID 11039594.Census 2021 main statistics sexual orientation tables". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 14 March 2023 . Retrieved 18 October 2023. In the post-World War Two period, the fertility rate of the country boomed once again, bringing itself out of the below replacement level in the 1930s to levels not seen since the late 19th century. This peaked in 1964, with a TFR of 2.95. [46] [47] However, by 1973, the fertility rate of the country collapsed again below replacement, and has not since in the present day reached a replacement level again. [37] However population issues such as the sub-replacement level fertility rate have often been categorised as something in which the government does not view as a major issue. [25] Little incentives were made and have been made to increase the birth rate throughout the UK's post war period. [25] However compared to other countries in continental Western European standards, the United Kingdom managed to retain a seemingly 'high' fertility rate. [25] If the individual was UK resident in one or more of the three prior tax years and they spent less than 16 days in the United Kingdom in the year in question. Somerville, Will Somerville Will (10 May 2007). "The Immigration Legacy of Tony Blair". migrationpolicy.org . Retrieved 8 February 2023. David Coleman (2010), "Projections of the Ethnic Minority Populations of the United Kingdom 2006–2056", Population and Development Review, vol.36, Wiley Online Library, pp.441–486

TS067 - Highest level of qualification - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk . Retrieved 7 May 2023.Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics". webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk . Retrieved 7 September 2021. Pre-1901: 243,820 km 2 total land area for the United Kingdom plus 70,273km 2 land area of the Republic of Ireland. a b c d e f g h i Shaw, C.; Haskey, J. (1999). "New estimates and projections of the population cohabiting in England and Wales". Population Trends (95): 7–17. ISSN 0307-4463. PMID 10368842. Current time differences between the UK and other major cities around the world can be found in the table below. City, Country Numerous predictions and projections of the future ethnic demography of the United Kingdom have been made over the years.